History of Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of Business - Essay Example Following industrial revolution, entrepreneurs formed Corporations with the main purpose being to raise funds for expanding business operations (Pillay, 2015). The terms of engagement dictated that shareholders would receive dividends after the company gains a profit. Other firms were able to control an entire market thereby creating a monopoly situation within the economy. Most companies within the same industry made agreements on product prices as well as the manner of dividing business operations as time went by (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2014). Another method of doing business that developed after Industrial Revolution was the formation of Trusts. Ideally, Corporations sharing the same market formed a trust, which took control of business activities through a group of trustees. . The economic philosophy under Laissez-Faire economics was of the perception that without government interference, businesses and the economy as a whole would perform best. Kurtz & Boone illustrated that unregulated markets would create competition in the market and thereby making prices to be fair for the consumers (2011). Related to this theory are aspects of Social Darwinism. Social Darwinism stood on the ideology of helping the rich as the poor did not benefit the financial health of a nation. The emergence of technology in the 19th century marked the beginning of the entrepreneurial era. Lussier demonstrated that entrepreneurs became an instrumental aspect of business by combining various factors and coordinating labour in order to ensure business processes are effective (2012). Upper class, upper middle class, lower middle class and the working class were the main divisions of the social class. Essentially, the upper class and the upper middle class became the target market for entrepreneurs whose aim was to maximise profits and expand the market share. The production era persisted in the period after the civil war of

Operational Logistics of Ikea Essay Example for Free

Operational Logistics of Ikea Essay 1. Introduction IKEA is a Swedish company which was founded in 1943 with its headquarter in Denmark. IKEA succeeded on its low cost strategy which is able to offer a wide range of stylish home furniture with good design and functional at competitive pricing. It carries a range of nearly 10,000 products and is well known across the world. IKEA is also recognized as a socially responsible and environmental friendly company. Currently, there are 287 IKEA stores in 26 countries. In year 2011, IKEA has gained the total sales of 25. 2 billion (in EUR). IKEA was also the first company in the world to realize the benefits of flat pack furniture in 1956. With this flat pack method its does not only help to save material, but is also saves the transportation costs with efficient distribution and warehouse storage space. Franchises are part of IKEA expansion plan. All the franchised are granted by Inter IKEA System B.V.The IKEA Group which has over 267 stores in 25 countries and franchisees outside IKEA Group in 16 other countries/territories. The Swedwood Group is part of IKEA Industry Group to manufacture and distributes wood and controls the entire value chain. Consisting of some 50 production units and offices in 10 countries across the continent. They are driven by their vision of achieving excellence in transforming wood into quality furniture and focused on continuous improvements in order to maintain competitiveness in the market. 2. IKEA Global Supply Chain IKEA is also recognized as a global strategic firm as most of the IKEA’s stores operations are under Ingka Holding BV which is located in the Netherlands. IKEA has an excellent supply chain management with the latest information technology system which is able to gather all the information across their worldwide retail stores, manufacturers, suppliers as well as the distribution centres. IKEA has adopted the integrated JDA software which has increased their overall supply chain visibility and efficiency. In this way, IKEA is able to have more forecasts planning for supplier, warehouse and transportation capacities. IKEA has a large number of suppliers of both furniture and furnishings across the world. IKEA plays an important part to build up good relationships with its suppliers as its helps to create a huge capacity for producing the product through the  worldwide suppliers. Today, IKEA operated more than 28 distribution centres and 11 customer distribution centres in 16 countries across the world. Its main function is to support stock replenishments program. As the location of production facilities focuses heavily on transportation costs, IKEA is able to efficiently distribute mass products with short lead times by concentrating manufacturing in large factories and in specific countries. 3. IKEA Franchising Franchises are part of the IKEA expansion plan. All the franchised are granted by Inter Ikea System B.V. The IKEA Group is the biggest group of franchisees which has over 267 stores in 25 countries. They also have some franchisees outside the IKEA Group in 16 countries. 3.1. IKEA United States IKEA store has one of its franchises in the United States. They own a total of 38 stores which are served by 10 distribution centres in North America. 3.2 E-Commerce on IKEA Atlanta IKEA is also adopting the Business-to-consumer (B2C) ebusiness model. It is an online retail store where customers can do the shopping at anywhere anytime. IKEA USA on-line shopping is also able to provide well-selected items which are similar to the promotional theme of â€Å"from living room to bedroom’ and etc. Customers are able to find suitably priced and stylish home furnishing solutions that suit their needs. This sales method mainly targets end-users. 4. NETWORK DESIGN IKEA has opened biggest logistics Distribution Centre (DC) in Shanghai for Asia-Pacific region, taking advantage on its geographical, government’s support and management. China is the biggest center of finance, economy, and business and shipping, therefore it is recognized as the most important hinge of logistics. In addition, the centre in Shanghai adopts Radio frequency identification (RFID) System that will greatly improve the responsive and quality service to the customer, providing logistics service platform that helps the expansion of the IKEA in Asia. As for Europe IKEA choose Dortmund in southern Germany to be a European distribution centre. It  is because it has geographical advantage at centre of the Europe where IKEA can use rail and road transport for transporting its goods. 4.1 IKEA Atlanta and the DC Savannah For the Distribution Centre in Port Wentworth, Georgia, located near the port Savannah, the products were processed where they should be stored based on the product specifications and demand. It is the primary inventory to IKEA stores in Alberta British Columbia, Utah, Oregon and Washington State. The facility can also supply to other stores across the country when needed. Location was chosen based on the fastest movers closest to the stores for replenishment. That not only improves service times, it also reduces transportation costs. The facility’s location allows it to quickly deliver fast-moving products to IKEA stores in local markets in the south-eastern United States, including North Carolina, Florida and Texas. In North America, DC was equipped with a 13-crane Automated storage and Retrieval (AS/RS) system (via store), featuring a 100 foot-tall high-bay in-house rack system. At full operation, the system can process 600 pallets an hour, or nearly one pallet per minute from each crane. IKEA Atlanta is one of the IKEA stores that are supported by IKEA’s Savannah Distribution Centre. Geographic area is the main reason that IKEA has the DC in Savannah. In terms of transportation, it only needs less than a 4 hours’ drive if goods are delivered by truck and it only takes about 1.3 days to reach Atlanta if delivered by rail. With this speedy transportation, IKEA Atlanta can achieve responsiveness in goods supply to customer for both in-store and online purchase. Unfortunately, there is limitation product from buying on line. Consumer may not able to get some of the needs product on line. 4.2 Savannah Transit time by rail truck 4.3 The Highway and Rail Network The Company is always constantly looked for ways to maximize in each transport. To achieve this goal, packaging was designed in such a manner as to fit the maximum possible products into containers. Plus all DC share similar objectives which is to have lower total cost and improve customer  service at the same time, using of advance technology to emphasis sorting and sequencing material processes, enhancing responsiveness to the customer. 5. OPERATIONS ANALYSIS IKEA’s company main concept is based on a three points: cheap, innovative and stylish. These three points are affecting the IKEA’s product design and development concept. Nowadays, IKEA’s in USA have launched with online retail or E-commerce. E-commerce has been become part of the IKEA’s digital strategy and should be the next big offering from IKEA. Every customer may easy online shopping without travel out, queue, purchases and collects their purchases from the stores. E-commerce or shopping online at IKEA is now become very convenient, enjoy and fun for every customer. Process or step to e-shop at IKEA as per following: 5.1 Operation logistics for E-commerce The whole process cycle take about 2 to 3 days depending on the customer order time. 1.The successful online order will transfer to IKEA Delivery Planning System. 2.Planning System will send the data to Savannah Distribution Center. 3.Savannah DC will do the order picking and packing. 4.Goods will be sending out to customer by Savannah DC team. 6. CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT IKEA’s in USA has run the business with Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and provide the E-commerce applications. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) with E-commerce applications that enable IKEA’s easily to view the both interaction channel and profitable sales channel for consumers and business customers via internet. With CRM, IKEA’s can allow their customers with convenient self-services and a personalized Web experience. The E-commerce applications also helping IKEA’s in service operations and strengthens sales to reducing the customer service calls and transaction costs. Features and Functions of CRM of E-commerce processes: IKEA’s have use the latest technology to ensure all the personal information which customer submitted through the internet website such as credit card numbers, address and other information are under secure, stable and  reliable. IKEA’s have using the SSL technology which allows it to be transmitted securely over the internet without accessing to it by anyone else. Successful to secure the customer loyalty will achieve the company goal and target in the following: Increasing the customer online spending on IKEA product Can reducing marketing, advertising and communication cost Can reduces data and information maintenance cost by giving customers authorities to update personal details such as address details, contact number, email address and requirement on the IKEA website. To achieve the customer service and satisfaction, IKEA have set up the strategy in the following: Hire the right people Bring in the employees who have more experience on the customers’ skill and knowledge in order to develop the customer service focus such as to have better communication with customers, pleasant, motivated and cooperative. Also, can retain those customers that are desirable to keep. Provide orientation and training IKEA have provided the necessary training for each employee to maintain the customer services standards and also can improve on communication skills with the loyalty customers. Set the standard for customer service IKEA have set the clear standard for performance such as Enable Company to establish, monitor, and control quality. 7. Risk During development stage, thousands of tests were carried out on IKEA products each year. And more tests are conducted during production. Once a product is approved for production, IKEA will reviewed and decide whether additional risk assessment testing is required for any proposed changes to the product or to the production method. IKEA ensure that banned chemicals such as formaldehyde and phthalates don’t exceed their requirements. IKEA requires suppliers to order certified products testing by third party auditors. Likewise, IKEA has a third-party accredited test laboratory that  is certified each year by external auditors. Accused for Logging Ancient Trees in Russia Swedwood, whom IKEA’s fully owned production subsidiary which was founded in 1991, was found irresponsibly logging Russia’s ancient trees of over 300 years old. And as a whole, IKEA are under the heat internationally especially in the forestry industries. This has been a huge issue because natural grown trees take centuries to grow. And it’s these trees that has greater biodiversity and could stabilize the climate by locking carbon in the soil to reduce global warming. In their defence, IKEA forest manager, Anders Hildeman mentioned they have been working with the NGOs, and they have been working with the scientists to develop these inventory methods. Though there are old trees present, that do not mean that it’s high conservation value. Species, size of the area, exposition, position has to take into considerations to define them as High Conservation Value Forests (HCVF). Hildeman welcomes WWF’s (World Wide Fund of Nature) recommendations for a full certification control audit. And had invited FSC’s (Forest Stewardship Council) for a control audit from their accreditation body to avoid any doubts and that we are following the Russian FSC. 7.1 Sustainability Taking a leading role towards a low carbon society In support to reduce carbon dioxide emission, IKEA are working together with WWF to investigate on how to calculate climate-positive aspects from what they do together with their customers. Majority of carbon dioxide emissions related to IKEA come from material extraction, suppliers, customer transportation, and the use and disposal of products. And all these are areas that IKEA can only indirectly influence. In order to influence the society, IKEA has to put these into practice first. They are walking towards to installing photovoltaic (solar) panels to turn sunshine into electricity in around 150 stores and distribution centres over the next few years. The panels will provide these buildings with 10-25 percent of their electricity need. When they plan a new IKEA store, good public transport is an important consideration, and in many cities they offer free shuttle buses between the city centre and the store. IKEA Foundation contribution to UNICEF Since 2001, IKEA has taken part in basic social services to help children in underdeveloped and developing countries like India and Haiti. Contributing to UNICEF’s work through philanthropic donations, sales of UNICEF Greeting Cards and many more has been IKEA’s key of support for over 10 years. In addition to that, IKEA has committed more that $200 million both in cash and in-kind donations to UNICEF’s programs making them the largest corporate cash donor. What makes IKEA a true partner, is the company’s deep commitment to social responsibility and their direct engagement with issues affecting children. In addition to providing financial support for child protection, education and health programs, they work together to provide expertise and knowledge gained over the years on addressing labor issues in the supply chain. Forest Project with WWF for Nature WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) collaborate with external organizations in a number of forestry projects in order to contribute to the development of responsible forestry practices and policies. To date, there are 13 forest projects by IKEA and WWF. These projects aim to increase forest areas with responsible management practices, combat illegal logging, support forest certification and promote responsible timber trade. 8. Conclusion From the research we found, we notice that IKEA has a good strategy in sourcing from the raw material from suppliers to the location of distribution centre and store. Their strategy is also to keep their product in low pricing. Overall IKEA is still very success in the business with the  concept of keeping low price policy. From customer point of view, they are able to enjoy the stylish furniture and functional with low and suitably price. IKEA also success in managing the product quality, prices with supplier by maintaining the good relationship with their worldwide suppliers. We also notice that IKEA vision is â€Å"to create a better everyday life for the many people† which is hang on every store. Till today, IKEA is still continuing finding the effective way to further reducing the cost. 9. Implementation IKEA Singapore should consider implementing E-commerce instead of focusing on their in-store shopping business. There are 2 stores here in Singapore, in Alexandra Road (West) and Tampines (East). Poh Tiong Choon Logistics (PTC) was hired as their 3rd Party Logistics (3PL); they are located within IKEA at Alexandra. Other than transportation, PTC also provides installation services on behalf of IKEA. All necessary information; from product measurements, product descriptions, product amount and product comparisons has already made available in their website. In term of online payment Singapore is considered as the most secure country as IDA (Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore) which helps businesses to leverage ecommerce’s benefit where both businesses and consumers confident with the mark of TrustSg. Why customers should purchase online †¢Most of the IKEA’s products are consider bulky †¢Save traveling time †¢Save time from long queues for payment †¢Save time from long queues for taxi †¢Product measurements information made available online †¢Check for stock availability online

Defining Grace :: Definition Grace Essays

Defining Grace The Dictionary of the Accademia della Crusca, dating from 16th century Italy, defines grace as "belleza... che rapisce altrui ad amore." Grace is beauty which seduces one unto love. Grace is the prayer before nourishment, it is the passing of power through blood, it is a classical muse, it is a verb, it is liberation, it is a head-ransom, it is a gazelle, it is simplicity, it is complexity, it is sanctifying, it is controversial, it is desired, it is metrical, it is ubiquitous, it is rare, it is actual. "Grace is in all, yet beyond all," quotes a medieval anchoress. According to Castiglione, grace springs from "that virtue opposite to affectation," as an unconscious extension of a certain je ne sais quoi within the soul. Grace is the nature of language, of number, of beat, of silence. Grace is pervasively elusive. Grace is fueled by its own roots in the Greek charis, with its shadows of liberality and courtesy forwarded to Latin rhetoric, as the tripartite gratia, functioning as attractiveness, favour, and gratitude. The word flushed the face of Europe in its own blushing migration from tongue to tongue, from Italian gratia to Portuguese graà §a to Spanish gracia to French grà ¢ce. Gliding from thought to pen to heritage, grace seeped over the Channel into Chaucer's father's smalltalk and a pair of listening ears waxed attentive. The patients of his Doctor's Tale questioned, "Goode fader shal I dye? Is ther no grace? is ther no remedye?" Grace is the ripping of change through the fabric of time, loosing the weave to weft in bright, unwashed strands of witty innovation. "Is not great grace to helpe him over past, Or free his feet that in the myre sticke fast?" beats the iambic pentameter of the Spenserian stanza in the Faerie Queene. Is it not grace that proved the continuance of its own exis tence, a linguistic parallel intertwining with the branches of biologic generations to produce the graciousness of freedom in both the fruits of the opposable thumb and the serpent's apple? A rugged, mottled bark of genealogy stretches gracefully into the blue sky of infinity. Grace, the present of the future, the gift of tomorrow, the cornerstone of the past, vaults us forward into the lives of our progeny and the evolution of our species. Born from the randomly graced confluence of organic chemicals in small pockets of lipid bilayers, life sparked and sputtered.

Related Studies Essay

Lemon is a fruit that contains acid that can be able to remove stains or an agent that can be used as a cleaning solution, specifically, a tile stain remover. The acid in lemon juice removes dirt and rust stains. It’s especially effective when mixed with salt, which makes â€Å"an alternative cleaning agent†. It is also known for it contains most citric acid among those citrus fruits. Grapefruit can help you clean your body and your home as well as keeping you healthy and trim. You probably didn’t know it but grapefruit flesh and grapefruit juice are also effective cleaning agents. Having fresh grapefruit in the house is one of the best ways to make sure you’ll always have the ingredients you need for homemade skin care products and homemade cleaning products. Cleaning with citrus fruit is just as effective as cleaning with commercial cleaners. In fact many commercial cleaners use orange oil or grapefruit extract in their products. But using fresh fruit and fresh juice will give the added benefit of a sweet, fresh smell and undiluted cleaning power. Berries contain a lower percentage of citric acid than citrus. Blueberries contain the lowest citric acid level, with 0.6 grams per 100 grams of berries. Berries with citric acid are tangy, although not as sharp as citrus. Included are strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, gooseberries, huckleberries, elderberries, red and black currants. The ugli or ugli fruit is a Jamaican form of tangelo, a citrus fruit created by hybridizing a grapefruit (or pomelo), an orange and a tangerine. It was discovered growing wild (possibly having developed in the same way grapefruit was created) in Jamaica, where it is mainly grown today. The name is a variation of the word â€Å"ugly†, which refers to the fruit’s unsightly appearance, with rough, wrinkled, greenish-yellow rind, wrapped loosely around the orange pulpy citrus inside. The citric acid that is contained in the fruit serves as a factor of a safe and an eco-friendly cleaning solution  that removes stains in tiles. The tangelo is a citrus fruit hybrid of mandarin orange and pomelo or grapefruit. Sometimes referred to as honey bells. Tangelos are the size of an adult fist, have a tangerine taste, and are juicy at the expense of flesh. They generally have loose skin and are easier to peel than oranges, readily distinguished from them by a characteristic â€Å"nipple† at the stem. This fruit also contains citric acid that can basically be used as a cleaning agent which is a tile stain remover.

Diffrenece Between Hypothesis and Theory

TOK essay Difference between scientific law, theory and hypothesis 551 words In the world were living in nowadays people, groups or even some nations each has a different way of thinking. That’s why opinions were created and people could have different prospectives and different ideas were developed all over the past centuries. That variation of ideas, prospective and ways of thinking had lead into the creation for methods for proving something as an idea an experiment a suggestion, and others.This essay would be discussing those ways and their differences. Firstly, the first thing that leads into an opinion or way of seeing something is setting up your hypothesis, hypothesis is an educated guess based upon observation for a certain matter. It is an explanation of a single event or something based on what is observed not deeply observed but just observed, and it also has not been proved yet. Most hypotheses can be supported or disproved by experiment or a deep observation.Some examples of hypothesis are, when an apple is put in the wind and sun it will rot, this is a simple example it’s based on what’s observed as when an apple is put in the sun it would rot but no further scientific explanation is given. After a hypothesis is set based on really weak and shallow observations it must be tested for that opinion or idea to be true it must be tested and observed scientifically and not only once it must be tried and observed a number of times, that what develops a theory and obeys scientific laws, a scientific law is a statement of fact that explains a certain matter or different action or habits.It is generally accepted to be true and universal and can be proved and tested widely and sometimes they could be written as mathematical equations. Scientific laws must be simple, true and universal. Going back to a theory it is noted as more like a scientific law than a hypothesis. It is an explanation and prove for your hypothesis and sets of relate d observations or events based upon proven hypotheses and verified multiple times. A theory could hold on a definition as it is the way people could know this certain idea or issue is true by repeated xperiments whom tern a hypothesis into a theory or it just keeps it a hypothesis untested. Some examples of scientific laws are some physics and maths rules as Newton's laws of motion, law of gravity, the laws of thermodynamics and other physics laws whom are proved and tested that’s why they turn into a scientific law. Sometimes some laws can turn to theories as the law of gravity and gravitational forces, as it could go more general to be turned into a theory.The biggest difference between a law and a theory is that a theory is much more complex and dynamic. A law runs a single action, whereas a theory explains an entire group of related matters and phenomenas. That’s what differs an experimented hypothesis whether it turns into a theory or it is more specified so it tu rns to be a law, an example of a theory is automobiles Components of it can be changed or improved upon and more things invented in it, without changing the overall truth of the theory as a whole that it is an automobile.

letter to teacher essays

letter to teacher essays My name is Brenda Gonzalez and I am currently enrolled in your English 1301 class. For starters, I am 19yrs old and of Mexican Heritage. I have been enrolled in HCC for approximately 4 semesters now, and the one class I can't seem to feel satisfied with is my English 1301 class. If it's not one thing, it's another, but that is beside the point. My major is in Biology and I plan to attend the University of Houston-Central this fall semester. I have big plans for my future, and medicine is definitely in them! I hope that by the time I graduate a bachelor in science, medical schools are just waiting to pick me up! My goal is to complete this course, finally, and with a big, fat "A"! .... A bit off the subject, but you remind me so much of Meg Ryan! Not necessarily her funny attitude, but very much in the appearance, and I hope that isn't insulting? However, back to what I was talking about...I graduated in '98 from Reagan Sr. High. I was in the magnet program there for compute r science, but have very little interest in computers, other than for Internet purposes-which weren't even touched on in our program! I do come from a large family of six children, with only one brother, and he's a special casehaha! Just kidding. I think we are all special cases in our own unique, positive ways. I find myself to be a very open, outgoing young lady. I love to think up new ideas, and get lots of pleasure out of putting them to work. I know I am bound for greatness. I just need to stop being sidetracked. I do live away from home, and am very much so the head of my household (in case the Census would like to knowJ). One thing I have found to be true about myself is my passion for talking, with depth of course. I love to converse with others, I mean, how else are we going to expand our minds. We have to hear about what is out there waiting to be seen by our eyes, heard with our ears, and felt with our hands! ...

Psychology

Psychology Introduction Sex and gender fundamentally illuminate the effects of being male, female or transgendered considering a variety of explanations from different fields. Sex in psychology is explained in a myriad of ways which highlight how women and men behave within the constraints of the society (Fiske, Gilbert Lindzey 629).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Psychology sex and gender specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Differentiating sex and gender Sex is illustrated in genetic/biological terms while gender is expressed through environmental factors. In biological terms, sex bears reference to the condition of being male, female or transgendered considering the reproductive attributes of an individual. Biological expertise has it that these groups differ in associated hormones, chromosomes and reproductive organs. In everyday living, categorization of sex is based on individual evaluation or judgments’ wi th the exception of the intersex (Unger, 3). The term gender bears reference to the societal/ communal perceptive of the male and female sex. In collective terms, the dissimilarity that exist between male and female are attributed to the division of labor. In this sense, gender roles and identity are given a more artistic meaning and understanding. Society possesses stereotypical attitudes and practices which influences the behavior of men and women extensively. Differences in hostility and pro-social behavior between men and women are influenced by the community which houses different individuals. Impacts of biosocial sex behavior The distinctions arising from the differences in biological and social aspects in sex are illustrated by different theories of complexity. It is not forgotten that gender is influenced by socio-cultural factors housed by the environment. For example, according to experts, genes are hereditary but their functions are influenced by socio-cultural issues. On the other hand, biological factors are also influenced by the conditions present within the environmental. As an example boys’ preference for masculine toys is attributed to hormones within the body; however, environmental factors such as parent and friends also play a vital role in infusing attitudes and practices (Unger, 3). Biosocial influence on division of labor The nature of labor in the society with respect to male or female characters is influenced by different factors such as biological, environmental and to greater extent socio-cultural concepts (Fiske, Gilbert, and Lindzey, 629). Women bear children placing them in a better position to nurse them in comparison to men. This is despite men’s masculine body and immense strength. Technically, labor is divided in the society on the basis that one sex can perform a task better than the other.Advertising Looking for research paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Influence of gender roles on men and women behavior The conduct of men and women in the society is defined and explained by their roles; however, a person may wonder exactly how this happens. Hormones are known to change from time to time thereby releasing chemicals/substances which influence an individual’s behavior. Societal stereotypical beliefs also play a role in defining an individual’s behavior as far as sex and related activities are concerned. Cultural aspects portrayed by the wider society indicate that men and women behave differently as per social roles attached to each sex. Conclusion In as much as stereotypical behavior is a barrier when talking about change, it is a perfect tool that serves to preserve our cultural and traditional identity. Biological and environmental factors are the key instruments that determine an individual sex and gender. Furthermore, they also explain the role and behavior of persons in the soc iety. Rhoda, Unger. Handbook of the Psychology of Women and Gender, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, 2004, 3 Susan, Fiske. Daniel, Gilbert. Gardner, Lindzey. Hand book of Social Psychology, 5th Edition, Volume One. New Jersey: John Wiley and sons, 2009, (5), 629

Hannah Adams, American Historian and Writer

Hannah Adams, American Historian and Writer Hannah Adams Facts Known for:  first American author to make a living from writing; pioneer historian of religion who presented faiths on their own termsOccupation:  writer, tutorDates:  October 2, 1755 – December 15, 1831Also known as: Miss Adams Background, Family: Mother: Elizabeth Clark Adams (died when Hannah was 11)Father: Thomas Adams (merchant, farmer)Siblings: Hannah was born second of five siblings John Adams was a distant relative Education: Educated at home and self-educated Marriage, Children: Never married Hannah Adams Biography: Hannah Adams was born in Medfield, Massachusetts. Hannah’s mother died when Hannah was about 11 and her father remarried, adding four more children to the family.   Her father had inherited wealth when he inherited his father’s farm, and he invested it in selling â€Å"English goods† and books.   Hannah read extensively in her father’s library, her poor health preventing her from attending school. When Hannah was 17, a few years before the American Revolution, her father’s business failed, and his fortune was lost.   The family took in divinity students as boarders; from some, Hannah learned some logic, Latin and Greek.   Hannah and her siblings had to make their own livings.   Hannah sold bobbin lace she had made and taught school, and also began to write.   She kept up her reading, even while contributing to the support of her siblings and her father. History of Religions A student gave her a copy of a 1742 historical dictionary of religions by Thomas Broughton, and Hannah Adams read it with great interest, following up on many topics in other books.   She reacted with â€Å"disgust† to the way in which most authors treated the study of the denominations and their differences: with considerable hostility and what she called a â€Å"want of candor.†Ã‚   And so she compiled and wrote her own collection of descriptions, trying to depict each as its own proponents might do, using the sect’s own arguments. She published her resulting book as An Alphabetical Compendium of the Various Sects Which Have Appeared from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Present Day in 1784. The agent who represented her took all the profits, leaving Adams with nothing.   While teaching school for income, she continued to write, publishing a pamphlet about women’s role in wartime in 1787, arguing that women’s role was different from men’s.   She also worked to get a United States copyright law passed – and was successful in 1790. In 1791, the year after the copyright law passed, the minister of King’s Chapel in Boston, James Freeman, helped her develop a list of subscribers so she could publish an extended second edition of her book, this time called A View of Religion and adding two parts to cover religions other than the Christian denominations. She continued to update the book and issue new editions. Her research included a wide correspondence.   Among those she consulted were Joseph Priestley, a scientist and Unitarian minister, and Henri Grà ©goire, a French priest and part of the French Revolution, who helped her with her subsequent book on Jewish history. New England History and a Controversy With her success in the history of religions, she took on the history of New England. She issued her first edition in 1799.   By that time, her eyesight had largely failed, and it was very difficult for her to read. She adapted her history of New England by creating a shorter edition, for schoolchildren, in 1801. In the course of that work, she found that the Rev. Jedidiah Morse and the Rev. Elijah Parish published similar books, copying parts of Adams’ New England history.   She tried to contact Morse, but that resolved nothing.   Hannah hired a lawyer and filed a lawsuit with the help of friends Josiah Quincy, Stephen Higgenson and William S. Shaw.   One of the ministers defended his copying, on the grounds that women should not be writers. The Rev. Morse was a leader of the more orthodox wing of Massachusetts Congregationalism, and those who supported a more liberal Congregationalism supported Hannah Adams in the ensuing dispute.   Ã‚  The result was that Morse was to pay damages to Adams, but he did not pay anything.   In 1814, both he and Adams published their versions of the dispute, believing the publication of their stories and the related documents would clear each of t heir names. Religion and Travels In the meantime, Hannah Adams had become closer to the liberal religious party, and had begun to describe herself as a Unitarian Christian.   Her 1804 book on Christianity reflects her orientation.   In 1812, she published a more in-depth Jewish history.   In 1817, a considerably edited version of her first religious dictionary was published as A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations. While she never married and did not travel very far – Providence the limit – Hannah Adams spent a good deal of her adult life visiting acquaintances and friends as a house guest for extended visits.   This permitted her to make connections which were begun and extended in correspondence through letters.   Her letters show extensive correspondence with other educated women of New England, including Abigail Adams and Mercy Otis Warren.   Hannah Adams’ distant cousin, John Adams, another Unitarian and a U.S. President, invited her to a two-week stay at his Massachusetts home. Respected for her writing by others in New England literary circles, Adams was admitted to the Boston Athenaeum, an organization for writers. Death Hannah died in Brookline, Massachusetts, on December 15, 1831, shortly after finishing writing her memoirs. Her interment was at Cambridge’s Mount Auburn Cemetery in November of the following year. Legacy Hannah Adams’ memoirs were published in 1832, the year after she died, with some additions and editing by her friend, Hannah Farnham Sawyer Lee.   It is a source for insight into the daily culture of the educated class of New England, in which Hannah Adams moved. Charles Harding painted a portrait of Hannah Adams for display in the Boston Athenaeum. Hannah Adams’ contribution to the field of comparative religion was virtually forgotten, and her Dictionary was long out of print.   In the 20th century, scholars began to attend to her work, seeing her unique and pioneering view of religions at a time when the prevailing view was mostly defenses of a scholar’s own religion over others. Adams’ papers and those of her family can be found at the Massachusetts Historical Society, New England Historic Genealogical Society, Schlesinger Library of Radcliffe College, Yale University and New York Public Library. Religion: Unitarian Christian Writings by Hannah Adams: 1784: An Alphabetical Compendium of the Various Sects Which Have Appeared from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Present Day 1787: Women Invited to War (pamphlet)1791: View of Religious Opinions.   The three parts were: An Alphabetical Compendium of the Various Sects Which Have Appeared from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Present DayA Brief Account of Paganism, Mohammedanism, Judaism, and DeismAn Account of the Different Religions of the World 1799: A Summary History of New England 1801:   An Abridgment of the History of New England 1804:   The Truth and Excellence of the Christian Religion Exhibited 1812: History of the Jews 1814: A Narrative of the Controversy between the Rev. Jedidiah Morse, D. D., and the Author 1817: Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations (a fourth edition of her View of Religious Opinions)1824: Letters on the Gospels 1831/2: A Memoir of Miss Hannah Adams, Written by Herself. With Additional Notices by a Friend Books and Other Resources About Hannah Adams: There is no historical biography of Hannah Adams at this writing.   Her contributions to literature and to the study of comparative religion have been analyzed in several journals, and contemporary journals mention the publication of her books and sometimes include reviews. Two other documents on the controversy over copying Adams’ New England history are: Jedidiah Morse. An Appeal to the Public. 1814Sidney E. Morse. Remarks on the Controversy between Doctor Morse and Miss Adams. 1814

Diffrent options Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diffrent options - Essay Example In his opinion, firm strategy, structure and rivalry, factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries are the factors governments should control in order to manage the competitive power of nations. The following illustration provides a brief idea about the factors which affect the competitive power of nations. (Vision on Innovation: 2. Models on the dynamics of innovation, 2009). Michael Porter while teaching in Harvard University in the 70’s and 80’s has made lot of researches with the help of his associates formulated a frame work to assess the competitive advantages of nations which is illustrated above. Porter has introduced parameters such as clusters of companies, suppliers, related industries and institutions in particular locations as the factors which affect the competitive power of a nation in international market. This framework is known as Porter’s ‘diamond’ of National Competitive Advantage. This paper analyses th e competitive power of nations with the help of Michel Porter’s diamond model The competitive advantage of nations According to Porter (1990), â€Å"A nation’s competitiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovate and upgrade. Companies gain advantage against the world’s best competitors because of pressure and challenge. They benefit from having strong domestic rivals, aggressive home-based suppliers, and demanding local customers† (Porter, 1990). It is difficult for firms to survive in the market without innovation. The market is changing rapidly because of the advancements in science and technology and the arrival of new products. Competition or rivalry in the market always forces nations and firms to innovate new products. Until the beginning of 2000, Nokia was the leader in the mobile phone industry. However, Apple Inc introduced the touchscreen mobile phones at the beginning of 2000 and the leadership of Nokia in the mobile phone indus try is slowly diminishing now. Apple controlled the mobile phone industry until recently. However, Samsung captured the leadership of this industry from APPLE at present with the help of innovative smartphones such as Galaxy S2, S3 etc. In short, rivalry and ability to innovate new products determine the success and failures of companies in the market at present. No organization or country can take the leadership for granted. For example the technological dominance of America is currently challenged strongly by Asian countries such as China, Korea and India. America maintained leadership in the technology market until recent times; however, their supremacy seems to be challenged by many other countries at present. The following table provides the strengths and weakness of America as a country at present in the global market. Strategic Issues For the United States Strengths Weaknesses Innovation Science, technology, R&D Entrepreneurship Free and open competition Capital markets (curr ent uncertainty) Economic decentralization Human resources challenges Need to restructure public education Access to higher education Training Americans vs. low skilled immigration Falling U.S. leadership in international economic development U.S. influence, authority, and focus has diminished Weak transitional â€Å"Security Blanket† Retraining system Pension security Health insurance access and mobility Unnecessary cost of doing business. Burdensome regulations Litigation costs High-cost / high complexity tax system Energy inefficiency High healthcare

Syphilis (oral pathology) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Syphilis (oral pathology) - Research Paper Example In considering the increase in reported cases of syphilis healthcare practitioners, including medical and dental experts, attempted differential diagnoses on oral lesions among those HIV-infected patients. The United States of America has seen the number of reported cases of syphilis in the United States of America rise significantly since 2001; the highest number of reported cases in the world occurred during the period between 2007 and 2008 (Ramirez-Amador et al, 2012). With the number of reported cases of syphilis on the rise, the healthcare community has also seen an increase in concerns among healthcare professionals over the last decade. Healthcare professionals, such as Buchacz & Klausner in 2008, have undertaken various studies in order to attempt to understand the correlation between HIV-infections and secondary syphilis; other studies have confirmed that HIV-infections modify the clinical presentation of syphilis. In order for healthcare professionals to best understand the clinical signs and symptoms of syphilis in an HIV-infected patient, they will need to understand the main symptoms of syphilis, as well as have comprehensive knowledge of the client’s treatment his tory. Scientific data on the oral manifestation of syphilis among HIV-infected patients is very limited; in addition, some healthcare experts confuse the clinical presentation of syphilis with other health conditions, such as squamous cell, carcinomas, hairy leukoplakia, lupus erythematous, oral ulcerations, oral candidiasis and lichen planus (Ramirez-Amador et al, 2012). As a result of the wide spectrum of oral clinical presentation of syphilis among HIV-infected patients, the process of identifying a secondary syphilis infection may become complicated. By considering the fact that reported cases of syphilis have been on the rise over the past decade, especially in HIV-infected patients, this study will

In the light of the global financial crisis, discuss how the Essay - 2

In the light of the global financial crisis, discuss how the remuneration of chief executives of banks should be determined - Essay Example It was observed by several economists that for banks, one of the major reasons of not been able to survive during the financial crisis is the remuneration policies for the bank CEOs. Mcgarvey (2012) illustrates the fact that even in the era of financial instability of the world economy, salaries of CEOs is just climbing up without any adequate justification of such high salaries. This in-turn also exposes banks and other firms to higher risks without promising that the high paid CEO will turn away those risks coming in their way. Hence in the banking sector especially, it is important to devise polices, which ensures that CEOs are paid in the interest of the bank and not more than their potential and skills (Mcgarvey, 2012). Determining the Remuneration of Chief Executives 1. Maintaining Equilibrium between the bank’s profit and remunerations. The prime objective of any bank is to attract investors and get more capability to land money to others. Therefore, the shareholders ha ve to make sure that the remuneration of the CEO is aligned with the bank’s profit. In the period of the financial crisis, if the bank is making a good profit, then paying high salary to the CEO is justified. However, in case the bank is losing its clients and the profit is shrinking, the salary of the CEO should also be reduced proportionally, to maintain equilibrium between the bank’s profits and expenditures (NCNB, 2006). 2. ... In this scenario, paying a CEO who is less talented and skilful can reduce the morale and passion of other employees of the bank. Therefore, it is a very important factor, especially during the financial crisis, to pay CEOs as per their skill, talent and ability to benefit the bank. In addition to this, it is also important to measure the contribution of each employee when the bank is progressing. If the salary of a CEO is increased, then salaries of other employees who have contributed in the bank’s progress should also be increased with a defined proportion (Gertler et al., 2011). 3. Market Research Directors of the bank have to be aware of the current market position and the maximum salary given by banks to their CEOs. In addition to this, owners of the bank should analyze the past records of the bank to find a relation between banks’ progress and CEO’s salaries. On the base of all rationales, directors and owners of the bank should come up with a remuneration plan, which is neither very low as compared to the market value of CEOs nor too high to expose banks to higher financial and employees’ dissatisfaction risks. The main step is in the recruiting of the CEO; if the salary is offered very high first up, then lowering it down if the bank’s profit decreases then it can further disappoint the CEO. This will ultimately be a drawback for the bank as if the CEO is not passionate with the job the entire bank structure will fall to desolation (Marshall, 2009). 4. Bonuses Incentives and bonuses are also an important part of the total remuneration given to the CEOs. It was observed by Calabria (2009) that many banks have a short term benefit approach and

Fund Transfer Pricing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fund Transfer Pricing - Essay Example A method used to measure the performance and profitability of banks, therefore, should put into consideration the deposits and loans by banks thus considering the net interest. FTP is a management control technique that is used to calculate the true NIL component of profitability of business units, products, portfolios, and customers (Suresh 2010). It is used to calculate the cost of funding assets and credit for funds provided inform of deposits. This is mainly the net interest which is used in the income statement and balance sheet that consists of loans generated on the asset side and funds purchased from transfer funds pool on the liability side. Fund transfer pricing is a method that banks use to internally measure, allocate and assign profit contribution value to funds collected from customer deposit, given out as loans to customers (Singh & Dutta 2013). Therefore, FTP is a component in measuring the profitability of banks since the net interest margins arrived at, as a result, is what contributes to the determination of performance and profitability of banks. FTP reflects perspective market prices, including maturities and repricing characteristics of corresponding assets and liabilities (Greuning & Brajovic 2003). It, therefore, helps the banks to determine the value of their assets in the capital markets and this further helps the banks in their investment decisions that are meant to increase their lending capacity. In addition, FTP places cost of use of capital inherent in the extension of credit to an obligor (Gross, 2006). In this way, it determines the profitability of customers, which helps the banks in making lending decisions. FTP helps to calculate the cost of the portfolio, which helps the bank in making loans and lending decisions (Saita 2007). FTP determines a banking portfolio and transfer prices that apply to loans and deposit collection (Blessis 2014). Determination of portfolio helps banks to determine how much they can lend.

Global Warming's Terrifying new Math By Bill McKibben Essay

Global Warming's Terrifying new Math By Bill McKibben - Essay Example Global warming has caused significant changes in climate patterns as it cause the earth’s temperature to rise above the normal, which is detrimental to the ecosystem. Humans are solely responsible for global warming as they engage in activities such as combustion of fossil fuels, and this emits carbon, which cause global warming (McKibben). Efforts to curb global warming have failed, and this is because industrialization has resulted to use of carbon dioxide and the emissions have continued to increase over time. The situation has been made worse because developing countries are trying to emulate the west by becoming industrialized, and this further increases the emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. To reduce the carbon print, many countries have come up with policies that aim at reducing emission of carbon dioxide but the efforts have failed. Petroleum companies have been blamed for the big emissions of carbon dioxide they cause as the industry is profitable and imp osing regulations on them would reduce the incomes of countries. To protect the ecosystem from the adverse effects of global warming people all over the world and political leaders and environmentalists need to collaborate and advocate for people to reduce their carbon print so that the environment remains sustainable for future

IKEA Furniture Retailer to the World Coursework - 1

IKEA Furniture Retailer to the World - Coursework Example The famous four-legged dining tables, whose legs were easily detachable from the bottom, could be painlessly dismantled by the users. This also reduced the transportation and warehousing costs for IKEA (IKEA, 2012). IKEA gained popularity in its home country as well as in rest of Europe. The furniture designs reflect the Swedish art. IKEA’s stores were painted blue and yellow which reflects the Swedish flag. Though Scandinavian and European cultures are not synonymous, they have some common shades. IKEA was well aware of the fine taste of the Europeans, who laid special emphasis on elegant and classic designs. IKEA came up with a unique plan of offering Europeans with exquisite and classy designs, yet with a minimalistic price tag and this marketing strategy worked. In Philadelphia, IKEA opened its first store in 1985. The American market seemed to be a very good prospect, but the cold behavior of the Americans took IKEA by surprise. Some of its competitors like Walmart, Costco and Office Depot were offering low priced furniture range but it lacked proper design and good quality.Compared to IKEA, the furniture companies which were offering good design and quality products had a very high price tag attached to them. As per the customer analysis, IKEA furniture range did not attract the Americans. IKEA decided to re-emphasize on the furniture design because the American lifestyle and culture are very different from the European countries. IKEA renovated certain furniture range for the American markets and focused on the advertisement strategy which could lure the Americans. The tactics worked excellently and sales skyrocketed immediately after the marketing strategy was revamped. By 2008, the United States was IKEA’s second-largest market a fter Germany, with 35 stores accounting for 10 percent of total revenues (Hollensen & Banerjee, 2010, p.401).

Global Warming's Terrifying new Math By Bill McKibben Essay

Global Warming's Terrifying new Math By Bill McKibben - Essay Example Global warming has caused significant changes in climate patterns as it cause the earth’s temperature to rise above the normal, which is detrimental to the ecosystem. Humans are solely responsible for global warming as they engage in activities such as combustion of fossil fuels, and this emits carbon, which cause global warming (McKibben). Efforts to curb global warming have failed, and this is because industrialization has resulted to use of carbon dioxide and the emissions have continued to increase over time. The situation has been made worse because developing countries are trying to emulate the west by becoming industrialized, and this further increases the emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. To reduce the carbon print, many countries have come up with policies that aim at reducing emission of carbon dioxide but the efforts have failed. Petroleum companies have been blamed for the big emissions of carbon dioxide they cause as the industry is profitable and imp osing regulations on them would reduce the incomes of countries. To protect the ecosystem from the adverse effects of global warming people all over the world and political leaders and environmentalists need to collaborate and advocate for people to reduce their carbon print so that the environment remains sustainable for future

Review of a Reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Review of a Reading - Essay Example For this reason, the author says that, the concept of designing strategy for a business organization must address the whole business organization. Consequently, the author says that, strategy in business must be formulated at three independent levels, i.e. corporate level, business level, and functional level. A critical analysis of this view by the author shows that the author’s conception of strategic management is right. This is because strategic management affects all facets of a business organization unlike other areas of business. The author of this reading defines strategic management as the process of creating interdependent activities that will enable an organization to compete successfully. The author goes on to say that, for most business organizations, creating the interdependent activities is the difficult part. An evaluation of this view shows that author’s views on this point are true. This is because harmonizing various portfolios of a business organization to operate with synergy is quite a challenging task; it normally requires skills in management and leadership to create such synergy in an organization with different portfolios. In the assigned reading, the author discusses in details the corporate Level Strategy and the scope of corporate level strategy. According to the author, corporate level strategy sets the overall direction for the whole Company. The author recognizes specific tasks and questions to that are unique to corporate level strategy. Expressed as questions, the author argues that the scope of corporate level strategy is: To explain further the actual meaning of corporate level of strategy, the author explains in details the meaning of each of the four questions; the author uses a concrete case of the Pepsi Company to demonstrate how the four questions of corporate level strategy are applied in actual situation. The author begins by explaining how the Coca-Cola Company has applied the

Techniques of Establishing Character Essay Example for Free

Techniques of Establishing Character Essay Opening a new business is never an easy task. Various factors count while starting a new venture and much is at stake. However the formalities and the difficulties also depend on the country one wants to do business in. Every country has certain rules and regulations as regards to doing businesses on its land. El Salvador is an open economy in Central America and attracts foreign investors. After Chile El Salvador has become the second most open economy in Latin America. Government is democratic and offers several promotional benefits for the investors. Several factors like â€Å". . . CAFTA (Central American Free Trade Agreement), low inflation, proximity to the US marketplace, competitive operational costs, and tax exemptions in free trade zones. . . † make the country an attractive option for foreign investment (â€Å"Doing Business in El Salvador†, 2007). Even though issues like unemployment and gang activities are bothersome but â€Å". . . sustainability and sound CSR (corporate social responsibility) policies in agribusiness, manufacturing, apparel, electronics, and the development of bio-fuels place El Salvador at the forefront of Latin American trade development† (â€Å"Doing Business in El Salvador†, 2007). The country also gets assistance from the United States to tackle with the negative issues in the society (â€Å"Doing Business in El Salvador†, 2007). Flexible policies of El Salvador make it much easier for the companies to do business in the country. State has free trade agreements with a number of countries like US, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Dominican Republic, Chile, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Panama, Taiwan, Colombia, and Central America and many other countries. It is an open market for US goods with very low tariffs and other trade restrictions. USA is the biggest trade partner of the country followed by Central America and Mexico. The official currency is US dollar. El Salvador has very less corruption. On the other hand there are also some limitations for the foreign companies. Judicial system of the country is time-consuming, lethargic and is partial as far as foreign companies are concerned. Crime rate is high and literacy rate is low leading to unemployment and lack of English proficiency (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). El Salvador offers significant growth in sectors like automotive parts and service equipment, dental equipment, printing and graphics and travel and tourism. Agents are the best way of entering the Salvadorian market and the concentration of trade in the capital city rules out the need for more than one agent. Companies or individuals must verify every agreement and bona fides of partners they are going to be associated with. There is no need of an exclusive territorial contract in the beginning with agents. The Salvadoran Commercial Code is meant to protect both the agents and the companies in default situations. Companies must consult local lawyers to get a hold of the legal system of the country. Several protections, compensations and damages must be considered while entering into an agreement with an agent or a partner (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). The next step is getting a license to open an office in the country. Presence of a lawyer in every step is crucial for hassle free progress from one step to another. â€Å"One stop† window of El Salvador’s National Investment Office provides every assistance for getting a license to open an office, branch, or agency. â€Å". . . it also provides assistance with labor related issues, immigration, and information about the Free Trade Zone Law regime† (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Different licenses are needed that can be listed as follows: a) Society or Company Registration b) Initial Balance Registration c) 1 st time Establishment Registration d) Income Tax Identification Number (NIT) (Ministry of Finance) e) Value Added Tax Identification Number (IVA) (Ministry of Finance) f) Invoices Correlative Registration (Correlativo de Facturas) (Ministry of Finance) g) First time Employer’s Identification Number (NIP) (Salvadoran Social Security Institute) h) Work Place Registration (Ministry of Labor) (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). All these formalities can be submitted at the â€Å"Integral Services Window† of the Registry of Commerce Office of the National Registry Center (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). $11,428 is the minimum capital needed to start a business. The Commerce Registry also needs the names of the companys board of directors and administrative personnel. All the accounting records of the company must be in Spanish and approved by a certified public accountant. The Commerce Registry issues the license only when the company’s location details are cleared by the municipality and it is registered in the National Industrial and Commercial Establishments Directory at the General Director of Statistics and Census. License is then printed in local newspaper. There is a need of further clearances from specific ministries for specific companies. For instance pharmaceuticals companies must complete all the formalities with the Superior Council for Public Health and so on for other sectors (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Franchise is another attractive option for starting a new business in El Salvador. US fast food joints are booming in the country. Others include: U. S. franchises operating in El Salvador include hotels and car rental, auditing/accountancy, credit reports, mobile advertising and media marketing, print shop/one hour photo labs, beauty/hair salons, fitness centers, computer learning, child care/learning centers, video rental, exterminator services, and dry cleaning (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Direct marketing using telemarketing mediums like mobile and internet and cable services is another option for establishing a business. A joint venture of US and Salvadorian company must be incorporated and duly registered in El Salvador (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Next step is concerned with the distribution and selling of the product. Import of products is handled by the distributors who can launch and utilize the opportunity of their already existing wide networks to market any new product in El Salvador. Small retailers buy some products like used vehicles and auto parts, clothing, jewelry, cosmetics and household goods from US themselves. Free trade zones form major distribution centers of the country. It is very important to market a product with as much efficiency and care as devoted in its production only then can the product reach its consumers. Using prominent newspapers, billboards and other media can be useful for introducing a new product and communication your idea to the end user. Grand launch at premium hotels and among significant personalities of the region can bring a new product in instant limelight: As competition increases, creative sales promotions such as contests, drawings, raffles, etc. , become more relevant. Samples of products are often handed out at supermarkets and department stores. Participation in local exhibits and sponsorship of local events and conferences is a common local practice for brand positioning. Shared budget for promotional campaigns and advertising is highly appreciated by local importer/distributor, and simple things such as the availability of brochures and other promotional materials in Spanish are very helpful for marketing products (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Government of El Salvador regulates only the liquefied propane gas rates, public transport rates, and energy rates. Import duty and the 13-percent value-added tax (VAT) is added to the price of imported products. â€Å"Import tariffs for capital goods are zero percent, raw materials range from zero to 5%, intermediate goods range from 5 to 10%, and finished goods are charged a maximum of 15%. Textiles, agricultural products, vehicles, and a few other non-essential products are charged higher tariffs that range from 15 to 30%† (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Free trade agreements between US and El Salvador reduce the amount of tariffs on the US products to a greater extent. No duty is imposed on 80 percent of the American products. Trade barriers are also minimal. However some services and professionals do face some barriers like architects and notaries must be local only. Rice and pork are the two products that buyers have to buy locally and their further demands follow an import quota system and 40 percent duties. Countries bound by CAFTA-DR do not question each others sanitary inspection methods. In case of imports, there is no need of import licenses and a commercial invoice and bill of lading can only be sufficient to serve the purpose. The National Registry Center (CNR) has one-single-import shop where a company can get import licenses of the following institutions: Customs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health, Ministry of National Defense, Ministry of Economy (virtual), Ministry of the Environment, and the National Health of Public Council. Some products like arms and ammunition exported from US need an export license from the US government. There are other products that need a license from the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS). So the exporters must make sure that they have the required licenses and permissions to export their products to El Salvador. Some products like high-caliber firearms, machines and tools for making coins, counterfeited coins and bills, movies contrary to ethics and good behavior, abortives etc. are prohibited for import in the country (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Some rules regarding the labeling of the products can be listed below: †¢ Retailers must have the price of the product either on the packaging or in a visible place. †¢ Products that are sold by weight or volume or any other measure must have the weight, volume, or an exact measure of the contents on the label. †¢ For pharmaceuticals, the list of ingredients, expiration date, dosage, contraindications, risks involved when used, residual toxic effects, etc. as established by the Ministry of Public Health must be printed on the label. †¢ Labels on frozen and canned foods must include an expiration date. †¢ Labeling must be in Spanish language (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Customs procedures are relaxed and simple in the country. Use of modern technology, internet and â€Å"Teledespacho† system in particular has reduced the time the formalities used to take. Teledespacho system rules out the need of a custom broker and provides a direct link between the importer/exporter and the Central Customs Service. Mandatory Salvadoran Standards (NSO) and Recommended Salvadoran Standards (NSR) are two types of standards used in the country: NSOs include the standards regulating the International System of Units; standards relating to materials, procedures, products and services that may affect human life, safety and integrity and the safety and integrity of other live organisms; environmental protection standards; and standards considered by the government to be relevant to the economy or in the public interest. NSRs are concerned with materials; procedures, products and services not covered by an NSO (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). El Salvador is an attractive option for doing businesses and the regulations of the government are flexible enough for the companies to open up and explore new opportunities in the country. It is a mutually beneficial relationship. Both the foreign investors and the economy of El Salvador benefit from this flexible system. Growth and development of El Salvador depends largely on the foreign investment, in particular from US which is its biggest trade partner (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). There are several similarities and differences in regulations and conditions with regards to opening a business in the US and El Salvador. Like El Salvador USA has several free trade agreements with numerous nations around the globe making it an attractive option for foreign investment. US is also a free, democratic and open economy. El Salvador has most of its business concentrated in its capital city while it is not the case in US. Laws and regulations are same in the entire nation of Salvador while in US every state has its own business regulations. Licenses and permits are required for doing only specific jobs in USA. Need of a license depends on the state and exact location of the business since every state has different local regulations. The owner also has to pay business taxes depending upon the location of business. Following business need licensing: †¢ for those businesses or professionals that go through extensive training before practicing, such as lawyers, physicians, nurses, accountants, dentists, teachers, or †¢ before carrying on a particular trade or business, in order to protect the environment and consumers from fraudulent activities and unsafe products or services. Real estate agents, restaurants, bars, insurance agents, pawnbrokers, peddlers, cosmologists, private investigators, and mechanics are representative of this group, to name a tiny fraction (â€Å"State licenses†). Like El Salvador every business needs an EIN (employer identification number). It is always a good step to hire a local lawyer and an accountant to aid in the initial legal proceedings of the country. Also since in US every state has different laws and statutes regarding a business so it is very important to seek local help. Major difference in doing business in US and in El Salvador is that †¢ US is a much bigger economy †¢ Offering much bigger opportunities †¢ There is no lack of help government offers to foreign companies and investors †¢ Laws are rigid to protect both domestic and foreign companies †¢ Literacy rate is much higher †¢ English proficiency is much higher among locals †¢ Multilingual and multicultural diversity of US allows everyone fulfill their dreams and reach their specific consumers. Translators and interpreters are available everywhere for every kind of help and bridging gaps among people of different language backgrounds. †¢ Crime and unemployment rates are much lower †¢ Infrastructure is well developed †¢ Every tool for direct marketing like internet, telemarketing, cable services, postal delivery systems, courier systems are very well developed and provide expanded prospects for different businesses. †¢ There is no shortage of resources and financial aids from government institutions and private banks.†¢ With proper planning any dream can turn into a wealthy and booming business. References â€Å"Doing Business in El Salvador† (2007). Retrieved August 12, 2008 from http://www. gatewayelsalvador. com/gateway_el_salvador_doing_business_in_el_salvador. html â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies† (2008). Retrieved August 12, 2008 from http://www. buyusa. gov/elsalvador/en/ccg. html â€Å"State licenses. † Retrieved August 12, 2008 from http://business-law. freeadvice. com/starting_a_business/state_licenses. htm

How to Write an Essay :: essays papers

How to Write an Essay Writing Resource Getting Started The Writing Resource Service provides you with help in getting started on your essay. has compiled this guide based on essays that we have edited. Often essays on excellent topics simply lack focus or fail to answer the essay question. Following basic plan can make a tremendous difference in the quality of your writing. Step 1: Think about an essay topic... Before you write anything be sure to know what you are writing about. Choose a topic which provides you with ample resources and information and which you understand well. Be sure to specify exactly what you want to write on. Often students fail to answer the entire essay question because they get sidetracked at this stage. The essay question provides clues about what you are expected to write on. Make sure your topic is relevant and answers all the main questions. Here is a sample essay topic: Describe the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) since its inception to the present. How has the IMF impacted the world economy? Step 2: Understand the essay topic... First understand the topic. Draw on notes and research to gain a good understanding of the topic you have been given or have chosen. Although the factual content of an essay topic may seem easy, read the material very carefully to be sure that you are not missing relevant points. It is crucial that you understand the topic material fully. Second, be sure you know what to do with the topic. The sample question presented above asks you to do two processes simultaneously. You must give a factual account of what the IMF has done and also provide an analysis of how those actions have effected the world economy. For the descriptive part you should first gather evidence and facts about what the IMF has accomplished. Only after you have presented the factual data can you effectively evaluate that information. Reserve your personal ideas about what impact the IMF has had until after you have presented the facts. You personal evaluation should come through in your analysis of those fac ts. It is often helpful to first generate a page of evidence and facts. This provides you with an overview of the topic and gives you a guide from which to draw inferences and information. How to Write an Essay :: essays papers How to Write an Essay Writing Resource Getting Started The Writing Resource Service provides you with help in getting started on your essay. has compiled this guide based on essays that we have edited. Often essays on excellent topics simply lack focus or fail to answer the essay question. Following basic plan can make a tremendous difference in the quality of your writing. Step 1: Think about an essay topic... Before you write anything be sure to know what you are writing about. Choose a topic which provides you with ample resources and information and which you understand well. Be sure to specify exactly what you want to write on. Often students fail to answer the entire essay question because they get sidetracked at this stage. The essay question provides clues about what you are expected to write on. Make sure your topic is relevant and answers all the main questions. Here is a sample essay topic: Describe the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) since its inception to the present. How has the IMF impacted the world economy? Step 2: Understand the essay topic... First understand the topic. Draw on notes and research to gain a good understanding of the topic you have been given or have chosen. Although the factual content of an essay topic may seem easy, read the material very carefully to be sure that you are not missing relevant points. It is crucial that you understand the topic material fully. Second, be sure you know what to do with the topic. The sample question presented above asks you to do two processes simultaneously. You must give a factual account of what the IMF has done and also provide an analysis of how those actions have effected the world economy. For the descriptive part you should first gather evidence and facts about what the IMF has accomplished. Only after you have presented the factual data can you effectively evaluate that information. Reserve your personal ideas about what impact the IMF has had until after you have presented the facts. You personal evaluation should come through in your analysis of those fac ts. It is often helpful to first generate a page of evidence and facts. This provides you with an overview of the topic and gives you a guide from which to draw inferences and information.

The Role of the Lesion Method in the Understanding of Healthy Brain Fun

Understanding the relationship between brain and behaviour has been of great phenomenon in the field of neuropsychology yet a compound one. Studying the effects of brain functions on human behaviour requires us to operate with methods that allow us to dissect different aspects of mental functions. This paper therefore addresses one of the ways of assessing brain functions in human and non-human animals; the lesion method (in Banich, 2004). The basic concept of the lesion method is to determine a correlation between a lesion in a certain region of the brain and occurring behaviours. The lesion method strategy thus involves ablating or destroying a proportion of the brain in order to understand the functional nature of that specific brain part and its effects on behaviour (in Carlson, 2006). A lesion refers to the structural change or damage of brain tissues which may be directly related to a certain aspect of a mental function thus leading to a decline in brain functioning. The existence of lesions in humans can occur in several different ways such as strokes, tumours, traumatic brain injuries, accidents etc and it is these patients that have provided us with a valuable insight into the effects of brain lesions on human behaviour and the nature of neurologically intact individuals (in Carlson, 2006). In general, research agrees on the idea that different aspects of behaviour are mediated by distinctive parts of the brain; a concept referred to as localization of function (in Banich, 2004). With the brain consisting of various components each providing support for different mental processes the principle of localization of function poses that certain regions of the brain are circumscribed to specific locations (in Banich, 2004).... ... contributed to our understanding of the brain not only allowing us to uncover the nature of lesion deficits in brain damaged patients but also allowing us to investigate brain functions in neurologically intact individuals. Intact individuals have also aided and our understanding of the different neuroanatomical structures of the brain and how mental processes operate. Works Cited Banich M.T. (2004). Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology (2nd Ed.).Boston: Houghton Mifflin CO. Boddy., J. (1978). Brain systems and Psychological Concepts. Sutton Surrey. By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Carlson. R.N. (2006). Foundations of Behavioural Neuroscience.(8th ed.). Allyn & Bacon. Pearson Education, Inc. Passer, M., Smith, R., Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E., & Vliek, M. (2009). Psychology; Science of Mind and Behaviour. (European Edition). New York.

ABC Glass Case Essay

ABC Glass was bought by the French Group Glass International (G.I.) in 2003 and is located in the Middle East. This factory produces a low cost and quality glass brand under the name of ABC Glass. Besides the existing two furnaces with two lines: one producing opal tableware and one producing clear glass, G.I. built an additional furnace which greatly improved the yield and with technicalassistance from France, the quality of locally produced ABC Glass was improved and the items were as good as anything produced by G.I. in France. However, as production expands, ABC Glass comes up with 3 main problems: See more: Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essay Difficulty with sales targets: Regional VP Sales and the ABC Sales team think the target is difficult to achieve. Logistics problems: Because of the delay in packaging and shipping, the useless inventory caused a yearly loss of approximately 2 Million Dollars. Brand & marketing issues: It’s believed that the ABC brand potentially takes sales away from the lower end G.I. products. We are supposed to analyse the above problems through a strategic perspective and methodology and give solutions and recommendations. Below are the products of our discussion.

People of the Kalahari: the Kung Culture Essay

The people of the Kalahari have a very peaceful way of living. They are secluded from the rest of the world, so they live very different lives. In order for them to survive in the Kalahari, they have to be good at hunting and gathering foods. Because the kung people live in small groups of people that consists of at most 15 huts in the dry season and 20 huts in the rainy season it is important to them to have peace among the people. They have very little crimes and or violence. Stealing is not a problem because when food is gathered, and game is killed everyone gets a portion. There is no need for stealing because the people share. Trust between the people is very strong. Every day the Kung people will gather around the fire and talk and have discussions. Because there is little crime among the people, there is no need for discipline. But on rare occasions that there is a crime, everybody will gather and have a group discussion. As they talk around the fire, they make sure to discuss things that both or upset them. When something happens, that stirs emotions like anger, hate, or jealousy they make sure to figure out what has caused it and to fix it to keep the peace. The Kung people are nomadic; they never stay in one area for very long. In the Kalahari water is an essential part of life, without it you could not survive. And since there is little water and it barely ever rains, the Kung people have to be near water. They move their villages to places that have water at reasonable distances that they can walk to. The people can’t drive to the super market or to a restaurant when their hungry, life is harsher than that in the Kalahari. If they need food, they have to hunt or gather it. The Kung people are excellent hunters. They use poison tipped arrows to shot their game. The poison tipped arrows are used as a sedative and puts the animal to sleep, and eventually kills it. But because the poison is slow acting, the people have to stalk their prey until it dies. The people are gatherers; they gather foods like roots, berries, fruits and nuts. The people of the Kalahari are a very peaceful culture. To survive they have to know the land and experts in hunting and tracking their prey, and gathering foods inorder to survive in the Kalahari.

The Scope and Limitations of the Fraud Examination

On October 5th, 2010, the fraud examination unit received an assignment from the owner of school regarding to the possibility of fraud disbursements occurred in his school. He suspected that someone is illegally and intentionally stealing money from his school. Based on his suspicion, a fraud examination was conducted by collecting information, reviewing & analyzing relevant records, and applying detecting methods. The objective of my examination was to determine the possibility of misappropriation of school’s fund, identify the fraudulent schemes, and help the school to figure out who was behind the fraud. I reviewed school’s bank accounts, checkbooks, and personnel files. After obtaining sufficient documentation, I found that the school funds were intercepted and converted to Mr Bob Daniel, who is the supervisor in school. He was authorized to control financial and the process of check’s preparation and issuance. Since none of financial supervisor reviewed his works, he misappropriated checks and fraudulently affixes the signature of an authorized maker. His forged maker scheme was executed through following steps: – Start scheme with 2 shell companies Prepare fraud checks and forge the signature of school’s owner – Deliver checks to the bank – Fraud checks were payable to his shell companies and his account. He concealed his theft by using high activity accounts. Since tracking records on the high active accounts would not expose the fraud easily, he successfully embezzled approximately $400,000 from school’s funds. I applied detection methods to support my investigation as follows: – Tracking on the vendor expenditures: it would increase compared to prior expenses. Detect on the process of check’s preparation and issuance: Bob Daniel was an important part in the entire process. Also, none of supervisor checked his works. – Examine the personnel records: a review of Bob Daniel showed that rationalization would be a major motivation for his theft – Obtaining confession: he confessed his theft as the result of feeling guilty. In conclusion, this report reflects that Bob Daniel, the school financial supervisor, committed a check tampering to misappropriate approximately $400,000. A full review of internal controls should be conducted to detect and prevent more fraudulent schemes.

Fine Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fine Art - Essay Example The lines which are depicted are primarily curved, reflecting the design of the future. In addition to that it also contributes to viewing the reality shown in the movie as a dream. As for the colors, one might point out that black is the most common one: it is the color of the clothes of the protagonists and antagonists as well as the environment. The space that is shown in the movie is the positive space which does not leave a lot to the imagination of the audience which is quite understandable since otherwise the viewer would not have been able to follow the narration. Finally, the texture of the objects that are presented on the screen is usually solid and somewhat repulsive, especially when the â€Å"real world† is shown. Now, it would be rather suitable to analyze the work of art in question from the point of view of principles of art. The first one is movement. Indeed, the characters do not only movie, but the manner in which they do so is important when it comes to conveying the message. In addition to that, there is no doubt that all the objects that are being depicted are in harmony. In addition to that, there is a variety of them as well as there is a variety of environments that they are depicted in. As a matter of fact, the opposition between the real world and the Matrix constitutes one of the most important aspects of the movie. One also would not make a mistake arguing that all the objects which are depicted on the screen are in the state of balance: it is particularly seen in the battle between the protagonist and antagonist. As for the adherence to proportions, it is obvious that the movies features it as there are no situations when the objects are shown exaggerated, except for one gene ral frame when the characters are shown sitting in destroyed city. Finally, there is a clear pattern that is displayed by the movie: the

In light of recent research evaluate the extent to which a willy Essay

In light of recent research evaluate the extent to which a willy employer can evade the provisions of the Equal Pay Act 1970. What proposals for reform can be m - Essay Example In accordance with a report published by the University of Oxford â€Å"under this Act, every employment contract is deemed to include an equality clause which guarantees both sexes the same money for doing the same or broadly similar work, or work rated as equivalent by a job evaluation study; such a clause operates unless an employer can prove that pay variation between the sexes is reasonable and genuinely due to a material difference between their cases†2. In other words, all employment contracts should include provisions for equal pay regarding the work of equal value. However, in many cases the provision of equal payment is not possible because there are certain factors (like the duties of the man involved) that have been encountered in order for the increase to the salary to be decided. Another issue is the fact that discrimination in payment is often non visible or easily identified because it can refer to the provision of other benefits (like free accommodation and so on) that are analyzed extensively below. 1(1) â€Å"If the terms of a contract under which a woman is employed at an establishment in Great Britain do not include (directly or by reference to a collective agreement or otherwise) an equality clause they shall be deemed to include one†3 In other words, all employment contracts in Britain should include a clause related with equal payment. In terms that such a term is not included in the employment contracts, then employers can be ‘obliged’ to add such a clause within these contracts. In order to understand the role of Equal Pay Act 1970, it is necessary to refer primarily to the term ‘pay’ as included in the above Act. In accordance with a definition given by the Equal Opportunities Commission (2007) the term ‘pay’ can be refer not only to salaries and wages but also to the following benefits: â€Å"a) holiday pay/leave entitlements; b) profit related pay; c) profit sharing; d) contractual bonuses e) share options; f) subsidised

Article Writing about FingerID Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Writing about FingerID - Article Example echanism of authentication also compels the user to remember different passwords for multiple accounts since it is very dangerous to maintain the same password for all accounts. A new authentication mechanism has been proposed that will save the user from the hassle of remembering multiple passwords and provide effective security for the web services- FingerID. FingerID authenticates the users on the basis of their registered finger prints and provide single sign-in to multiple accounts. The advancement in the internet technology has enabled thousands of companies to offer their services online. The availability of the services attracts the users to utilize them but compels the users to make online accounts. This results in the presence of user’s personal information at different domains and organizations on the internet and multiple login credentials for the user. Every organization might not be following reliable security measures to safeguard the user information thereby creating security and privacy threats for the users. Some organizations deploy security measures for the storage of their data but fail to concentrate on the security mechanisms handling the exchange of data from one source to the other. The user’s information might be used for malicious purposes and result in identity thefts. The distributed nature of information increases the chances of inappropriate usage. Another issue that is faced with the existing web services is the lack of usability and accessibility. Usability makes the web experience more convenient for the user and accessibility introduces features and functionalities for users with disabilities. Most of the web services do not follow the standards that are meant to ensure the availability of accessibility and usability on the websites. These standards help the developers and designers evaluate their websites with respect to the usability and accessibility aspects and to ensure that their users do not face any difficulty in

Regional and land planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Regional and land planning - Essay Example Specifically, the problem of accommodating the skateboarders of LOVE Plaza has been contentious. A partial plan has been underway to provide solution for the perceived planning problem. And it cannot be determined whether the problem should be focused on community cohesion, aesthetic, practicality and economy, heritage, safety, or even inclusion. It should be noted that the problem about inclusion of perceived community â€Å"nuisance† in the planning scheme has been a challenge not only for planners but also for policy-makers and the residents. However, their part in the history and narrative of places cannot be easily dismissed. The author has noted the importance attached by skateboarders in LOVE Plaza within the discussed area and will argue the need to reconsider their petition to provide them a fair space within the public realm. You are to prepare an article for a town planning journal to test your capacity for research and original thinking. The topic of your article s hould be a fairly recent or current town planning issue facing a local government authority and/or a local community, preferably be one that is being debated in the community and in the media. It has to be an issue to do with a type of development that falls under the jurisdiction of a local government authority (i.e. is assessed by a LGA). The article should achieve the following: Define the town planning issue. The town planning issue is the renovation of the Dilworth, JFK, and Municipal Services Plazas in Philadelphia focused on the re-accommodation of skateboarders at LOVE Plaza. The area has been for quite a while an issue when the original structures started to be seen as failed spaces. It had too many of the same thing in one place, and previously a â€Å"grand scheme to create a downtown of the future, with offices and retail integrated into the underground transit system,† (Saffron, 2011, P 7). It was conceived by planner Edmund Bacon who was described as legendary, and executed by Vincent Kling's firm based on Rome's Piazza Navona (Saffron, 2011). Renovation is a contentious word for planners and designers not only due to sentimental or heritage and aesthetic reasons but also economic (Needleham, 1968; Sigsworth and Wilkinson, 1969). There are a lot of various considerations for renovation, regenerations or redesign foremost of which is its financial and economic implication not only to the governing body but also to the rest of the stakeholders that include residents, and even non-residents for that matter. Certain balance is needed to be achieved in all processes of renovation so that there is double if not triple care taken by planners, designers and authorities in order to meet all criteria and expectations that the changes would achieve. The plazas were arranged to set off views of new towers, viewed as timely in the 1960s, complementing the modernist campanile Kling that housed the city services. It was envisioned as a â€Å"great place s for downtown workers to lunch alfresco,† (Saffron, 2011, P7) but had claustrophobic high walls, inaccessible and yet had multiple staircases. The area also became a turn-off because maintenance had been neglected and due to lack of public interest, it was claimed by the skateboarders in the 1990s (Saffron, 2011). The area had been evaluated to be

The Ethical Significance of Consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ethical Significance of Consumerism - Essay Example This research will begin with the definition of consumerism as a negative phenomenon because it involves the purchase of various items and products in very large quantities. Consumerism is often understood as a kind of manic enthusiasm for shopping. This concern is amplified by the fact that â€Å"consumerism appears to be becoming increasingly global in its influence†. Despite the opinion that consumerism is a negative phenomenon (it increases man's dependence on the service sector making him/her earn more), one can point out several arguments in favor of the idea that in ethical terms, consumerism is good. Firstly, one should remember that consumerism is able to bring psychological satisfaction for a shopaholic, making his/her inner condition calm and balanced. In addition, consumerism may be presented in the form of ethical consumerism. Finally, participating in the economic development of the region, consumerism helps to create more favorable conditions of life for many pe ople. Consumerism has ethical significance in the sense that it can help to stabilize relations between people. There are people who need to perform actions that can bring them pleasure and at the same time contribute to the stabilization of their psychological state. As a result, a shopaholic relieves his/her psychological tension and stress and can continue communicating with his/her friends and family in a peaceful state of mind. In addition, consumerism can be presented in the form of ethical consumerism.